CC-BY-NC-SA 2025 New Language Solutions Avenue Program Standards for Technology-Enhanced Language Learning, version 1.2 Term Definition Cellular data The system on a smartphone that allows it to be mobile and access the Internet, apps, and websites without wi-fi. Change agents People who help instigate substantial alterations in systems or practices. Chatbots AI agents designed to interact with users through natural language (text or voice), typically answering routine questions and suggesting or linking to resources for users. ChatGPT The first publicly available generative AI program (released in November 2022) that can engage in humanlike conversations and produce coherent texts. Community of practice A group of people linked by common activities and who learn from each other in a collaborative way. Contingency plans Steps to be taken in case of emergencies of different kinds. Plans for major emergencies typically include a chain of command – who should get reports of emergencies. Deep fake An image, audio clip, or video clip that has been convincingly manipulated by AI to look authentic and is presented as authentic. This is often used for illicit purposes. Device In the Standards, this refers to any physical piece of technology that uses or is associated with a computer system—especially, desktop and laptop computers, tablets, and smartphones. Differentiation Use of varied materials or approaches to suit different learners’ needs in the same class. Digital literacy Knowledge of technology: foundational use, awareness of potential with different apps, awareness of potential risks, and ability to explain technologyrelated decisions. Digital Referring to devices, processes, or products (audio, graphic, video, or text) in electronic form. Disabilities Physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder a person’s full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. Embedded AI AI components seamlessly and invisibly incorporated into a variety of apps, including browsers and word-processors. Flipped learning Having learners prepare before class with online material and activities, such as reading and listening; then classwork that incorporates face-toface interaction; then online activities after class. The key is before-class preparation. Generative AI (GenAI) A program that draws from very large amounts of language data (datasets), generally collected from the web, to create human-like responses to prompts. The results can be text, audio, video, or images HyFlex A form of synchronous instruction that brings students who are online and those in a physical classroom with the instructor together simultaneously. Implementers Those people who put a change into practice. Infrastructure The backbone of an institution: people and systems without whom the institution would not be able to function. Internet hotspots A method of using cellular data on one device to provide Internet connectivity to other devices. 48
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